Exposure compensation allows you to intentionally alter the exposure from the value suggested by the camera to make the image lighter or darker.
Changing exposure values in Shutter, S (Tv), or Aperture, A (Av), Priority modes can only be accomplished with Exposure Compensation which will alter shutter or aperture values by 1/3 or 1/2 stop increments on the plus or minus side.
Aperture priority and matrix metering were used for the photos on the left and exposure compensation was applied to the photos on the right to correct the exposure.